Business and IT Management

Question: Depict the accompanying focuses.. 1. Reason for the Paper 2. Significant Points/Arguments Presented 3. Approach Used 4. Issues and Questions Id Like to Bring Forward? Answer: 1. The 2014 SIM IT Key Issues and Trends Study: 1.2 Purpose of the paper: Since 1980, distinct colleges have been putting forth joint attempt with the SIM (Society for Information and the executives) so as to direct an overview to discover the issues, which are looked by the IT administrators. With the progressing time, these examinations have been extended for the incorporation of the sourcing, workforce, execution, connections and other distinctive IT the board and authoritative practices. Significant focuses: Generally concerned 2014 SIM IT Trends Study have concentrated on six key focuses Significant issues and worries on IT the executives. Most significant advancements and biggest IT speculation. IT association, spending plan, staffing patterns and job. IT conveyance patterns. CIO time portion, residency, foundation, revealing connections and execution measures. Required abilities for the achievement of the CIOs, new IT recruits and mid-level IT proficient (Magretta and Stone, 2002). 1.3 Approach Used: With the advancement of this paper, It investigated that how IT administrators invest their energy and with whom, there are additionally an evaluation is done so as to make the reasonable proclamation about IT officials job. This examination made the unmistakable ID about the IT drifts over the business. Here multi-layer study exertion is utilized to give the yearly depiction of the condition of the IT. Member of this SIM IT patterns contemplates are approached to pick up to three it the executives issues structure s rundown of 40 most significant contemplations. Members are additionally solicited to browse a rundown from 47 advancements up to three of their picked association (Kappelman, 2014). 1.4 Issues and questions I might want to present: What are the abilities required so as to meet the accomplishment of the association in general? The concerned changes in IT needs? Difficulties looked by the CIO. 2. IT doesn't make a difference: 2.1 Purpose of the paper: IT is seen at its best in a progression of extensively embraced innovations that have been reshaping the business since most recent two centuries. There are such a significant number of focuses have come out with respect to the over interest in IT. In the two cases, people and organizations astonished by the boundless business prospects of new development of advancements. The surge of the capital prompted gigantic flood and destroying situation for the whole business (G. Carr, 2003). 2.3 Important focuses: As significant focuses there are a few issues came out structure the examination Spending should be less. Studies show that there are not very many organizations who posted great outcome with a colossal measure of capital. Stream, doesn't lead. Sitting tight for an innovatively imagined item can cause anticipation of having mechanically imperfect item. Need to concentrate on the vulnerabilities as opposed to circumstances (Davis, 2003). 2.4 Approach utilized: Approaches are utilized here purchase increasing comprehension upon how to diminish the use or flood of the capital. Systems must be utilized there so as to design the financial plan and by and large hierarchical daily agenda. 2.5 Issues and questions I might want to bring: How secures law is shows the way to ponder the venture? How the vulnerabilities should be distinguished? References Davis, C. (2003). Advancements philosophies for assessing data innovation in business. Hershey, PA: IRM Press. Carr, N. (2003). IT Doesnt Matter. first ed. Kappelman, L. (2014). The 2014 SIM IT Key Issues and Trends Study. first ed. Magretta, J. furthermore, Stone, N. (2002). What the board is. New York: Free Press.

Belief, Doubt and Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Conviction, Doubt and Synthesis - Essay Example Composing is one of the most noteworthy callings in the US today. In view of this reality, various ways of thinking and standards apply in characterizing the perfect characteristics and abilities expected of skilled essayists. These standards are abstract and for the most part rely upon the variables that decide the motivation behind composition. In this respects, we need to recognize that not all essayists have similar characteristics, as a portion of the American journalists are superior to other people. In spite of the way that not all authors are equivalent in their ranges of abilities, there ought to be a standard of separating most brilliant essayists from poor ones. In such manner, I conviction one ought to have a portion of the key characteristics on the off chance that he/she is to be considered as an expert author (Starnino 42). The characteristics of an author fall into individual and specialized aptitudes. Ownership of solid individual characteristics involves the use of successful relational abilities in introducing ones thoughts and contemplations in composed structure. In America, each essayist appreciates the right to speak freely of discourse and articulation in their work. Scholars are allowed to communicate their musings in whatever way they wish, as long as their work falls inside the extent of national standards and guidelines. In such manner, scholars face the inclination of communicating their musings in a proper language according to the earth in subject. In attempting to legitimize their musings and ways of thinking, scholars can take part in influential, self-assured or condemning bits of work (Lutovich and Fisher 67). One ought to incorporate every one of these opportunities of thought and language in creating convincing or in any event, censuring expositions so as to achieve composing objectives. For this situation, I conviction a splendid author ought to be inventive, distinctive and innovative. For instance, an author in a politica l field conjecturing about the eventual fate of a nation’s governmental issues ought to be innovative and inventive in convincing his adherents and scrutinizing those restricting. Rational improvement of political expositions requires an essayist to express the opportunities accessible with the relational abilities in guaranteeing powerful conveyance of the expected message to the intended interest group (Lutovich and Fisher 72). Notwithstanding close to home abilities, a capable essayist ought to have a careful comprehension of the specialized characteristics of composing. I conviction the main specialized nature of master composes is the capacity to impart fluidly in composed language. English scholars must adhere to syntactic principles in each bit of their work. Productive utilization of English will encourage conveyance of the message in a goal way. Since the better piece of composing involves assortment of data from both the essential and optional sources, an author oug ht to likewise have solid research abilities. The individual should complete an examination practice from the difficult definition stage to the outcomes understanding stage. Each essayist ought to be familiar with the central ideas of the subject of composing and should utilize applicable and suitable jargon in communicating their thoughts. In conclusion, a capable author ought to compose the fundamental pieces of an article in a consistent example. Combination of these specialized aptitudes with the previously mentioned correspondence characteristics in a paper give a standard of characterizing an exquisite bit of composing (Lutovich and Fisher 61). People are in a constant procedure or accepting new thoughts and meeting new examples of considerations in their lives. At the point when one meets another thought,

NGO Do Rakouska Manages A Remote Team of Volunteers with G Suite and MeisterTask - Focus

NGO Do Rakouska Manages A Remote Team of Volunteers with G Suite and MeisterTask - Focus Find out how the team behind the Do Rakouska project manage to organize workshops all over the Czech Republic and work together efficiently using the web-based collaboration tools G Suite and MeisterTask! The mission of Do Rakouska (English: “To Austria”) is to support and strengthen Czech-Austrian relations. Among other things, the project team organizes workshops for Czech students at secondary and higher education institutions, where they share their own experiences of living in Austria and help interested students to experience the country for themselves be it as a student, a volunteer, an apprentice or an employee. Founded in 2016 by a small group of students, the project team now consists of 15+ volunteers who are spread out over the Czech Republic. As a dispersed team whose members all work with different devices and operating systems, implementing web-based collaboration tools was key in order to get organized and manage projects efficiently. “Aside from the physical workshops we organize, all of our work happens online,” project manager Ondrej Pešek explains. “That’s why, when I joined the team in 2017, the first thing I did was to create team accounts for us on G Suite and MeisterTask.” Simple Online Collaboration with G Suite The Do Rakouska team of volunteers use a whole range of G Suite apps to plan and organize their work. In Google Drive they’ve found the ideal platform to store and manage internal documents, most of which are created with Docs or Sheets. A shared calendar helps streamline the team’s event planning, while Gmail, Google Meet and Google Groups enable members to communicate efficiently, without having to meet face to face. “Google Groups enable us to share information with entire departments within our team at once. This is particularly useful because our team members tend to rotate between departments regularly. Rather than having to send information to individual email addresses that constantly change, I can email a whole department at the click of a button, and anyone who is currently part of that department is automatically kept in the loop.” For easy resource sharing with students, the project team utilize Google Classroom. “Classroom is a great platform that we use when we work with students, for instance during the German language courses we organize in collaboration with MCI-Management Center Innsbruck,” Ondrej explains. “Students can easily access all the documents they need for the course, and because Classroom is integrated with Drive, we don’t have to manage an external learning platform such as Moodle or Blackboard on top of everything else.” Tip: Download our white paper on Solving Your 5 Biggest Business Challenges with G Suite, MindMeister and MeisterTask. Collaborative Task Management with MeisterTask In MeisterTask, the team manage their daily to-dos and larger projects. Each project focuses on one area of the team’s work from finance to social media and from online communications to event planning. The project boards, which largely follow the Kanban principle, are shared with the two project managers as well as the responsible volunteers. Using tags for easy filtering and the statistics reports area to keep track of everybody’s productivity, the two project managers are able to keep an eye on project progress with ease. At the same time, MeisterTask’s automation feature ensures that workflows remain consistent, even when team members rotate on a regular basis. We use automations to assign tasks to specific team members and to automatically complete tasks when they are moved to specific sections. While most of the team’s projects require only four sections for an effective workflow, their event planning project visualizes a number of additional steps. “Usually, tasks in our projects go from an initial idea stage through the classic ‘Open’ ‘In Progress’ ‘Done’ flow,” Ondrej explains. “Our event planning board, however, contains six sections: Suggestions: This is where we note down ideas for workshops we could organize or fairs we could attend. Confirmed: Events that have been confirmed are moved here. Planned: Once we have a fixed date picked out and the event team is put together, tasks are moved here. Prepared: This section contains tasks for events that are fully prepared. Done: Completed tasks end up here Cancelled: Events that were cancelled for whatever reason are stored here. The team have also created two different pre-made checklists one for workshops and one for fairs which members can quickly load into an open task. The to-dos for our events are almost always the same. Using pre-made checklists not only saves us time but also ensures that we don’t forget anything. Seamless Integrations Between G Suite and MeisterTask Thanks to MeisterTask’s integration with G Suite, all volunteers can simply login to MeisterTask with their Google accounts. Once connected, information can easily be exchanged between the platforms. Documents created with Google Docs and stored on Google Drive can be attached to project tasks directly via the attachment picker. This ensures that all task-related documents and other important data is right where team members need it, when they need it. Many of the emails Ondrej and his team members receive contain to-dos, and with MeisterTask for Gmail they are able to turn emails into tasks and insert them in the correct project board at the click of a button. G Suite and MeisterTask form the basis for all of our work. We simply wouldn’t be able to manage our team of volunteers without these tools. MeisterTask is used by NGOs all over the world. If youre looking for an affordable solution for your team of volunteers, head on over to the MeisterTask website and sign up for free, or get in touch with our sales team to request our 50% NGO discount for MeisterTasks paid plans! Simple Task Management for NGOs Try MeisterTask! Free Try MeisterTask! NGO Do Rakouska Manages A Remote Team of Volunteers with G Suite and MeisterTask - Focus Find out how the team behind the Do Rakouska project manage to organize workshops all over the Czech Republic and work together efficiently using the web-based collaboration tools G Suite and MeisterTask! The mission of Do Rakouska (English: “To Austria”) is to support and strengthen Czech-Austrian relations. Among other things, the project team organizes workshops for Czech students at secondary and higher education institutions, where they share their own experiences of living in Austria and help interested students to experience the country for themselves be it as a student, a volunteer, an apprentice or an employee. Founded in 2016 by a small group of students, the project team now consists of 15+ volunteers who are spread out over the Czech Republic. As a dispersed team whose members all work with different devices and operating systems, implementing web-based collaboration tools was key in order to get organized and manage projects efficiently. “Aside from the physical workshops we organize, all of our work happens online,” project manager Ondrej Pešek explains. “That’s why, when I joined the team in 2017, the first thing I did was to create team accounts for us on G Suite and MeisterTask.” Simple Online Collaboration with G Suite The Do Rakouska team of volunteers use a whole range of G Suite apps to plan and organize their work. In Google Drive they’ve found the ideal platform to store and manage internal documents, most of which are created with Docs or Sheets. A shared calendar helps streamline the team’s event planning, while Gmail, Google Meet and Google Groups enable members to communicate efficiently, without having to meet face to face. “Google Groups enable us to share information with entire departments within our team at once. This is particularly useful because our team members tend to rotate between departments regularly. Rather than having to send information to individual email addresses that constantly change, I can email a whole department at the click of a button, and anyone who is currently part of that department is automatically kept in the loop.” For easy resource sharing with students, the project team utilize Google Classroom. “Classroom is a great platform that we use when we work with students, for instance during the German language courses we organize in collaboration with MCI-Management Center Innsbruck,” Ondrej explains. “Students can easily access all the documents they need for the course, and because Classroom is integrated with Drive, we don’t have to manage an external learning platform such as Moodle or Blackboard on top of everything else.” Tip: Download our white paper on Solving Your 5 Biggest Business Challenges with G Suite, MindMeister and MeisterTask. Collaborative Task Management with MeisterTask In MeisterTask, the team manage their daily to-dos and larger projects. Each project focuses on one area of the team’s work from finance to social media and from online communications to event planning. The project boards, which largely follow the Kanban principle, are shared with the two project managers as well as the responsible volunteers. Using tags for easy filtering and the statistics reports area to keep track of everybody’s productivity, the two project managers are able to keep an eye on project progress with ease. At the same time, MeisterTask’s automation feature ensures that workflows remain consistent, even when team members rotate on a regular basis. We use automations to assign tasks to specific team members and to automatically complete tasks when they are moved to specific sections. While most of the team’s projects require only four sections for an effective workflow, their event planning project visualizes a number of additional steps. “Usually, tasks in our projects go from an initial idea stage through the classic ‘Open’ ‘In Progress’ ‘Done’ flow,” Ondrej explains. “Our event planning board, however, contains six sections: Suggestions: This is where we note down ideas for workshops we could organize or fairs we could attend. Confirmed: Events that have been confirmed are moved here. Planned: Once we have a fixed date picked out and the event team is put together, tasks are moved here. Prepared: This section contains tasks for events that are fully prepared. Done: Completed tasks end up here Cancelled: Events that were cancelled for whatever reason are stored here. The team have also created two different pre-made checklists one for workshops and one for fairs which members can quickly load into an open task. The to-dos for our events are almost always the same. Using pre-made checklists not only saves us time but also ensures that we don’t forget anything. Seamless Integrations Between G Suite and MeisterTask Thanks to MeisterTask’s integration with G Suite, all volunteers can simply login to MeisterTask with their Google accounts. Once connected, information can easily be exchanged between the platforms. Documents created with Google Docs and stored on Google Drive can be attached to project tasks directly via the attachment picker. This ensures that all task-related documents and other important data is right where team members need it, when they need it. Many of the emails Ondrej and his team members receive contain to-dos, and with MeisterTask for Gmail they are able to turn emails into tasks and insert them in the correct project board at the click of a button. G Suite and MeisterTask form the basis for all of our work. We simply wouldn’t be able to manage our team of volunteers without these tools. MeisterTask is used by NGOs all over the world. If youre looking for an affordable solution for your team of volunteers, head on over to the MeisterTask website and sign up for free, or get in touch with our sales team to request our 50% NGO discount for MeisterTasks paid plans! Simple Task Management for NGOs Try MeisterTask! Free Try MeisterTask!

Obesity Obesity And Obesity - 917 Words

Obesity, along with childhood obesity, has become an even bigger issue in the past thirty years and will continue to be a problem until it is better addressed. According to Sarah Muntel, 33.8 percent of the U.S population is affected by obesity (1). That is about one third of America’s citizens, meaning that approximately one third of Americans are suffering or will suffer major health problems aside from being obese. Amaya Mandel stated, â€Å"obesity is linked to several long term health conditions, premature death and illness including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, gall bladder disease, fatty liver, arthritis, and joint disorders and some cancers† (1). Therefore, if the people who suffer from obesity do not address the issue, they will likely obtain one, if not more, of these serious health conditions. Sugary drinks, advertising less healthy foods, limited access to healthy affordable foods, and increasing portion sizes, all play a huge role in obesity. However, t he question is, does fast food play a big role in America’s obesity problem? Fast food is always an unhealthy choice. Mandal aforementioned that fast food is high in calories, saturated and trans fat, sugar, simple carbohydrates, and sodium (2). One fast food meal takes up the entire 1,500 calories you are supposed to intake in one entire day (Muntel 2). For the American’s who rely on fast food everyday, they are eating way over the recommended daily calorie intake. That alone is dangerous for your health.Show MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity And Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obe sity. OverRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1442 Words   |  6 Pages5/13/16 Take home Project: Obesity Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? â€Å"Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk ofRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1318 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Epidemic Due to Fast Food or Something More Obesity is rising at a rapid rate here in the United States, especially childhood obesity. The obesity epidemic is one of the country’s most serious health problems. Adult obesity rates have doubled since 1980 from 15 to 30 percent, while childhood obesity rates have more than tripled. Is there a link in obesity and fast food eating? Are fast food restaurants to blame for our nation’s obesity issues? Or are we ourselves and our lack of knowledgeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesleads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to lead people to obesity.   The main way fat taxesRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned. Doctors often use a formula based on height and weight, called body mass index (BMI), to determine obesity. Children with a BMI over 21 is considered obese and over 18 is overweight (Arnett, J.J.2016). Adults with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. Severe obesity, also known as severe obesity or morbid obesity, occurs when a BMI of 40 or more is present. With morbid obesity, there may be serious health problems. If children do not have enough activities, they will not be able to burnRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagescertificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to â€Å"twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly† (9). A newly developed term, â€Å"diabesity,† is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8). Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood and is defined when the pancreas fails to produce a healthy amountRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity892 Words   |  4 Pagesadults are considered obese in America. In recent years obesity is the health topic of choice these days because obesity in America is a growing epidemic. One out of twenty people in America have extreme obesity. According to a 2009-2010 survey conducted by the National Health and Nutrition examination this data states that about one third of children and adolescents ages six to nine are considered to be overweight or obese. Adolescent obesity has more than tripled in young adults and doubled in childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And The Obesity2209 Words   |  9 Pages OBESITY in America As the world is growing day by day the problem of obesity is also increasing all over the world. Since from1980 to 2014, the obesity has risen two times as compared to the previous years. The obesity is related to the how much energy is left, but the most important cause of having the obesity is â€Å"dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure† (Nazarii Kobyliak 1). The obesity is the excessive fat in the body and it can cause to any age group form child to the oldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry ; there are several other factors leads to obesity.

How Should the Defence Power, S51, Be Interpreted in an...

How should the defence power, Constitution s 51(vi), be interpreted in an age of terrorism? The practical application of the defence power in an age of terrorism is difficult to determine, as it is reliant upon a set of circumstances that can have a plethora of different interpretations from a range of variant perspectives. Unlike some other powers, the defence power is purposive and elastic; it waxes and wanes, and its application â€Å"depends upon the facts, and as those facts change so may its actual operation as a power†[1]. Recent developments, such as the Thomas case, have led some theorists to comment that â€Å"the elastic of the defence power has become stretched all out of proportion†[2]. In its present interpretation, the defence†¦show more content†¦The act was then nullified by the High Court in the Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (the Communist Party Case)[14]. The Defence Power (section 51(vi) of the Constitution) was the chief foundation of power in support of both the Communist Party Dissolution Act 1950 (Cth) and section 104 of the Criminal Code. The High Court ruled that the main principle of the defence power is the ‘protection of the Commonwealth from external enemies’[15]. The Australian Communist Party, constituted mainly by Australians, was a domestic organization. While the party was actively aggressive towards governmental policies, they did not have the capacity to be at war with the Commonwealth. This provision bore no relation to the defence power. The government’s actions were therefore held to be invalid. the scope of the power later grew to encompass the defence against a terrorist threat, as held in Thomas v Mowbray. Half a century later, in response to the September 11 attack, the Howard government created legislature on a sequence of counter terrorism measures. The similarity between the

Specisism Free Essays

In this essay I will try to clarify Singers essential argument and defend it against some common objections. According to Singer, Speciesism is a position similar to racism and sexism. Just as race discriminates against other race, and sexism against the opposite sex, speciesism discriminates against non-human species. We will write a custom essay sample on Specisism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Specisists hold that only humans have intrinsic moral worth, and anything that is non-human has no rights and so for Singer, speciesism is not an acceptable position. He argues that because animals are capable of experiencing pain, and therefore have an interest in preserving themselves, they deserve to be respected and given rights. Singer is a utilitarian which means for him the capacity to feel pleasure and pain is the most important factor for moral consideration. If a being has the capacity to feel pain and pleasure, then Singer thinks we have a responsibility towards them.He rejects moral rights as inherent to every species and proposes that sentience is a requirement for status since he maintains most animals do not care about whether we kill them and use them for our own purposes: they care only about how we treat them when we do use and kill them. Just like humans, animals have interests of their own, a capacity for enjoying things and also for suffering.And â€Å"if a being suffers, there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration† (Singer 1975:79) Given the principle of equal consideratio n of interests, it follows that equal moral concern should be given to the suffering of animals as that of humans. â€Å"If only x and y would be affected by a possible action, and if x stands to lose more than y gains, it is better not to do the act† (PE, p21). If this is the case, then suffering caused to animals as a result of their treatment when we regard treating humans in the same way most count as ‘specisist` behaviour : the only difference between humans and animals is their species, and that has the same moral significance as race i. e. , none. Singer argues for this by pointing to variation among human.Of the characteristics that we say only humans share we always find that there are humans who lack those characteristics: â€Å"†¦ Humans come in different shapes and sizes; they come with differing moral capabilities, differing intellectual abilities, differing amounts of benevolent feeling and sensitivity to the needs of others, differing capacities to experience pleasure and pain.In short, if the demand for equality were based on actual equality of all human being, we would have to stop demanding equality. † The only one characteristic all human beings share that animals do not is membership in the human species. It is important to note that Singer does not mention animals when he speaks of the principle of equality or equal consideration of interests, but reminds us the principle is interpreted as giving equal consideration to the interests of all people.Firstly reminds us of the challenges we have overcome throughout history with racism and sexism have expanded our moral horizons which eventually includes the whole human race, and secondly, that following this to its logical conclusion, morality itse lf demands this extension since the basic principle of equality is a principle of morality. Once we go beyond a self-interested stand point to a moral one, we are bound to adopt the principle of equality and the logic of universality inherent in it. Singer is a utilitarian thinker. A basic objection to this is that the whole structure of Singers view is utilitarian, that on the one hand, it demeans our existence by saying happiness is the only thing of value in it, and on the other hand, it aims to maximise the total happiness, which allows the sacrifice of the happiness of a minority for the sake of the majority. So there are really two objections here, one to Singers account of value (that reduces all value to happiness), and the other, his account of morality (that makes the ends justify the means).Both of which are mistaken, the maximising theory of morality in Singers view does not depend on a maximizing account of morality at all, it depends on ‘the principle of equality` where he does not talk about value but only says that all sentient beings interests should be considered equally, and that the interests of a being in this case is in the reduction of its suffering, and that its total suffering is to be weighed against the benefits of all beings in volved. He does not actually claim that animal lives are equally valuable.Singer holds that animals suffer and like us they have interests, he views the specisist as holding a similar position as a racist or sexist. He considers them equal in the sense that they all think that they have a higher moral status simply in virtue of their sex and race. Each of the instances he describes when drawing parallels between sexism, racism, and spieciesism, the dominant group exploits or excludes outsiders indiscriminately in favour of its own members. It develops an ideology that justifies treating outsiders in ways that are to its benefit.Form this point of view, the analogy between sexism racism, and speciesism directs our thoughts to the human being as the dominating group that uses other beings for its own ends and not only beings that matter. The analogy is useful because it leads us to humans, not as the only beings who matter, but a dominating group that uses other beings for its own ends, furthermore, it raises questions about mere differences as the justification for differences in how much consideration to give others.Bernard Williams, however, defends speciesism in â€Å"The Human Prejudice† objects to Singers analogy, that speciesism is not like racism or sexism, and gives some reasons why this is so. The differences between normal humans and other non-human animals, let’s say, of equal size or shape, are much greater than the differences between people of different races, or between men and women.But Si nger has mentioned this, in his first edition of animal liberation he wrote: â€Å"There are many areas in which the superior mental powers of normal adult humans make a difference: anticipation, more detailed memory, and greater knowledge of what is happening, and so on. † So therefore the claim that speciesism is morally objectionable still remains unchanged by such arguments, because Singer defines speciesism as discrimination on the basis or species, not as discrimination on the basis of superior mental powers, even if those powers are processed by members of our species and not members of other species. According to Singer, Williams’ argument denies the analogy and resorts to â€Å"which side are you on? ’’ – Which is a question that echoes racial, religious or ideological conflicts which have arisen in times of war? This kind of question divides the world in to â€Å"us’’ and â€Å"them’’, the fact of this division demands us to us to transcend ethical issues about what the right thing to do is.Singer mentions another argument that has been made in connection to this in defence of speciesism: the claim that just as parents prefer their own children over others as a special obligation, so we have a special obligation to other members of our species in preference to members of other species. Again, the obvious case lying between the ‘family` and our ‘own`, points to race, ethnicity, etc. Singer gives a good example by referring to Lewis Petrinovich who says that our biology turns certain boundaries into moral impe ratives- and lists â€Å"children, kin, neighbours, and species. If the argument works at the smaller sphere of family and the larger sphere of species, then why not for the middle case: race. If race is not a morally relevant boundary, why should species be? It is tautological that the principle of equality should apply to sentient beings. There is much debate over what qualifies as sentient. What I mean sentient to be, can only be worked out in practise as with any other moral boundary. Man here has to be thought of as a moral agent as well as a moral object.I don’t believe we should justify our having a bias or prejudice in favour of human beings over other animals, I would consider it specisist to consider the interests of my own over other species, only in the strictest sense, but if this is the case, I would also favour my own race, religion, class, etc†¦ Our values are necessarily human values but we are not necessarily the only beings worthy of consideration. Nature sustains both animals and humans and for me, complimenting nature, at the very least, preserving it, is more worthy of consideration.Bibliography Practical Ethincs, Peter Singer The Human Prejudice, Bernard Williams How to cite Specisism, Papers

Better Business Bureau Protecting Consumers

Questions: 1. Which is the National advertising Divisions most important stakeholder, business or consumers?2. Do you believe the BBB can truly be impartial given its financial dependence on business?3. What actions would you take to ensure an ethical misconduct disaster such as the pay for play scheme does not happen again? Answers: Executive Summary In the business World it is very important to have certain tests and checks in place that makes sure that the open market preserves its truthfulness. Better Business Bureau (BBB) and National Advertising Division (NAD) are two such units of self-regulatory system that help in maintaining openness in the market. Better Business Bureau is one of the best known self-regulatory trade associations in the US. The Better Business Bureau was set up in the year 1912 and has over one-hundred and twenty independently integrated local organizations all throughout the United States and Canada. The function of this organization is to make sure that the marketplace stays moral so that customers and suppliers of consumer goods and services can ascertain trust in the market. The Better Business Bureau gathers data on a particular businesss dependability, aware the buying public of possible fraud, gives priceless insight into an organizations moral business practices, and works as a mediator between customers and businesses. Organizations that meet and uphold the Better Business Bureaus moral standards may be requested to get membership with BBB. Becoming a affiliate of the Better Business Bureau has the advantage of having an extra promotion point to promote to possible customers because the Better Busine ss Bureau is respected for sincerity and honesty. A good rating from the Better Business Bureau could possibly be the power needed to persuade a customer to buy your products or services (Rhee, 2015). Companies become the members of Better Business Bureau because the market has extra possibility to thrive if the consumers believe the businesses. Also, arrangement with the Better Business Bureau has the profit of representing to customers a businesss promise to carry business in a reliable marketplace. Members of the Better Business Bureau have the chance to associate with those in businesses related to their own and draw public from all over the World. Conversely, The Better Business Bureau, one of the countrys top consumer supervisory body groups, is being blamed of running a pay for play scheme in which good grades are rewarded to those businesses who shell out membership fees to BBB, and poor grades are awarded to those who dont. As result of this scheme, BBB rating system is not worthy of customers belief and trust. BBB system is potentially destructive and deceptive to consumers. Not only does this display a lack of poise in their products, it also makes it unfeasible for anybody to criticize about the Better Business Bureau to the organization. In addition to this, The BBB is financed by membership fee given by businesses All BBB system stakeholders include BBBs, corporate partners, agencies/vendors, Board of Directors, and consumers. The relation of BBBs stakeholder is chiefly with commercial businesses as these businesses adhere to BBB Accreditation system and consent and stick to BBs high standards. BBB offers, free business BBB reports, charity BBB Wise Reports, objective advice, BBB Reliability Reports and educational information on topics that affect market confidence. National advertising Division is a unit of self-regulatory system. The National Advertising Division (NAD) has the duty of scrutinizing and assessing reality and precision in nationwide advertising. The NAD looks at and assesses an extensive variety of advertising alleges, which include taste tests, consumer surveys, product demonstrations, pricing claims, puffery, disclosures and product testing. All the way through its exceptional window on the market, NAD recognizes hot matters in advertising and endorsement. NADs results help advertisers in foreseeing and reacting to the challenges that new media and new products can pretense. Introduction In this study we will study about two units of self-regulatory system, which are Better Business Bureau (BBB) and National Advertising Division (NAD). We will study about their duties and what can these units do to improve their services for customers. Main Body 1. National advertising Division is a unit of self-regulatory system. The other units of self-regulatory system are - The Childrens Advertising Review Unit, The Online Interest-Based Accountability Program, The National Advertising Review Board and The Electronic Retailing Self-Regulation Program. The National Advertising Division (NAD) has the duty of scrutinizing and assessing reality and precision in nationwide advertising. The NAD looks at and assesses an extensive variety of advertising alleges, which include taste tests, consumer surveys, product demonstrations, pricing claims, puffery, disclosures and product testing. All the way through its exceptional window on the market, NAD recognizes hot matters in advertising and endorsement. NADs results help advertisers in foreseeing and reacting to the challenges that new media and new products can pretense. NAD inspects advertising claims for a large range of products from Infant nutrition products to Cosmetics and Energy services. NAD also checks national advertising and inspects complaints filed by local Better Business Bureaus, advocacy groups or consumers. The most important stakeholder for the National advertising Division are its consumers, as, when an advertiser is making an ad consumes are his viewers. If customers wont buy the products then business wont exist, and the only function off business is to make customers. Consumer confidence and spending are important factors that help to determine business prosperity and economic activity. Consumers interests should be given foremost importance while designing and advertising the product, but unfortunately this is not always the case and many a times consumers are mislead by false and inaccurate claims by the advertisements, it is here when bodies like National advertising Division come into action and try to protect consumers. Yes, it is true that businesses supplies the resources for the National advertising Division, but it should be kept it mind that they do this only to make a positive image of their brand in the eyes of viewers. The advice from a consumer is significant to the a dvertiser it can be known if his message has been conveyed correctly or not. If a viewer feels that a particular advertisement makes false claims or is in bad taste, then thatthey can air their complaints to NAD who can in turn take suitable action, if needed. If the consumers would not care about the false claims made in the advertisements, then business would not invest in NAD. From this we come to know that NAD has come into existence only for the consumers, to protect consumers from the false claims that are shown in advertisements. However, it should be noted that NAD has no authority to pull advertisements that are unsuitable for viewers, and therefore has to depend on Government agencies to put into effect their decision. If a company fails to obey to the decision o NAD then that case is referred to the FTC, however there is no assurance that FTC will act in accordance with NADs suggestion. The FTC will independently investigate the case reported to it by NAD and will take its own resolution; hence, there are chances that a company which NAD referred might not get punished. 2. The BBB Standards for Trust are an inclusive set of top practices for how organizations should take care of the public in a reasonable and sincere approach. Each and every BBB recognized Business is supervised for enduring obedience to BBB standards. The BBB grade system is dependent on BBB file information about the said business. In a number of cases, an organizations grade may be lower in case BBB does not have adequate information about the organization in spite of BBB asking the business for the information (Neff,, 2011). BBB allocates letter grades from A+ (maximum) to F (lowest). BBB will grade business NR or "No Rating if information about business is insufficient. BBB Business Reviews usually give details about the most important features that lifted or lower the business' rating. BBB ratings are not an assurance of a companys dependability or presentation, and BBB suggests that users reflect on a business' rating in addition to all other accessible information concerning the business (Kerr, 2015). A business is entitled for BBB official recognition if it meets, in the view of the BBB, the "BBB Standards for Trust." This BBB grade system cant be truly impartial. The main reason because of which companies invest in Better Business Bureau is that they want good ratings for their business, if BBB will start giving ratings according to the true cerebral of the business then there would be no need for business to invest in BBB in order to get a good rating and thus no business will invest in BBB. Therefore, somehow it becomes important for BBB to give good rating to the companies that invest BBB, even though this practice is not ethically correct. It is common knowledge in the market that employee of BBB award higher rate to business that that BBB to endorse their rating and while gave lower rating to the business who did not pay. Many believe that BBB is operating a Pay-for-Play scheme in which organizations pay for favorable experience to their company. Using this scheme BBB also gives A rating to those who pay membership fees while giving F rating to companies who do not pay membership fee. An investigation has reported that to get higher grading organizations were asked to become a member of BBB, those organizations who agreed to the offer saw their grades changed the next day. Not only BBB is being accused of operating Pay-for-Play scheme and taking side of businesses that becomes its members, but Better Business Bureau is also blamed of being over friendly with the business groups. There have been some cases in which BBB is accused of taking additional information from the customers who came to BBB for complaining about services of a particular organization, BBB then sold this information to other companies in the industry without any knowledge to the customer (Collin, 2015). 3. Pay-for-Play scheme is a scheme in which organizations pay for favorable experience to their company. Using this scheme BBB gives A rating to those who pay membership fees while giving F rating to companies who do not pay membership fee. This scheme is a very unethical scheme which has given bad name to BBB in the market. This ethical misconduct disaster of the pay for play scheme happened because employees of BBB were offered 45 percent commission for each first year membership they sold. Moreover, William Mitchell receives a salary of $ 400,000 per year, which according to many was too high for someone working for a non-profit organization. There is one more ethical challenge which BBB has failed, but BBB is also blamed of being over friendly with the business groups, there have been talks about how BBB helped e bay in publishing three books and in that year itself won a BBB Presidents award for sustained superior performance. There have been numerous negative effects of pay for play scheme like BBB branch in Southern California, Los Angles are was expelled, loss of integrity and credibility of trust in BBB, consumers stopped trusting BBBM. It is because of all these negative effects that consumers have now started going to other similar sites like Yelp, Google review and Angies list (Dark, 2013). For an ethical misconduct disaster such as the pay for play scheme not to happen again we should first of all change the 45 percent commission incentive that employees of BBB get for the first year membership they sell, rather all employees should be have equal pay independent of how much deals they have made with other organizations in the market, salary of the head of BBB should be decided again and should be terms of head of other non- profit organizations. To ensure that an ethical misconduct disaster such as the pay for play scheme does not take place again, BBB should some potential resolutions, these potential challenges are it should show to the organizations and consumers that grading system is not biased and does not depend on whether a business or institution has paid its dues to BBB or not, BBB should provide matrices to the companies that outline how a companys rating is determined. For example X% of resolved issues = a certain rating for that particular part of the gr ading system, BBB should disclose to customers what information BBB is collecting, how is it used and it will affect them. BBB should follow a completely transparent policy and make some in its grading procedure and remove the section in which businesses are graded on the basis of their investment in BBB. It should also bring in a third independent party to help in reviewing process. Furthermore, BBB should again look into the cases of Wolfgang Pack and Ritz Carlton Hotels and try to again review them, this time not judging them based on the fact whether they are members of BBB or not. Conclusions From this report we can conclude that customers are the most important stakeholders in both National advertising Division (NAD) and (Better Business Bureau). Both of these organizations and business itself comes into existence only because of its customers, had there been no customers there would have been any business, it is because of this only that businesses have a responsibility towards customers, but unfortunately many of the businesses today forget all their responsibilities and business ethics when it comes to making profits. It is because of this mentality only that businesses invest money in BBB so that get their ranking improved, get a better image among customers and thus earn more profits. Bureaus like BBB which were made to help customers are also responsible for cheating customers as now they refrain from doing their duty as they are offered money. These organizations like BBB which are non-government organizations have now become money making organizations. NAD is als o an organization that inspects false claims made in advertisements, even customers can complain in this organization. Now the truth of BBB has come out and now it has become duty of BBB to improve its image in the market and take necessary steps for it and also change its incentive and salary structure for employees and also try to be as impartial as possible. Reference List Collin, C., 2015. Better Business Bureau. VermilionToday.com. Available at https://www.vermiliontoday.com/local/better-business-bureau-serving-acadiana-alerting-consumers-fort-lauderdale-fl-based-fmc [Accessed on January 2015]Dark, J., 2013, Better Business Bureau. Available at https://www.foxbusiness.com/topics/business/companies/better-business-bureau.htm [Accessed on January 2015]Kerr, D., 2015. Uber gets an F from the Better Business Bureau. Available at https://www.cnet.com/news/uber-gets-an-f-from-the-better-business-bureau/ [Accessed on January 2015]Neff, J., 2011. National Ad Division Goes After Retouching of Beauty Ads. Available at https://adage.com/article/news/national-ad-division-retouching-beauty-ads/231620/ [Accessed on January 2015]Rhee. J., 2015, Terror Group Gets 'A' Rating From Better Business Bureau?. Available at https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/business-bureau-best-ratings-money-buy/story?id=12123843. [Accessed on January 2015]Better Business Bureau News. Availabl e at https://abcnews.go.com/topics/business/companies/better-business-bureau.htm [Accessed on January 2015]National Advertising Division Of The Council Of Better Business Bureaus Claims. Available at https://www.rediff.com/tags/national-advertising-division-of-the-council-of-better-business-bureaus-claims [Accessed on January 2015]The National Partner Program. Available at https://www.bbb.org/council/the-national-partner-program/national-advertising-review-services/national-advertising-division/ [Accessed on January 2015]https://www.rediff.com/tags/national-advertising-division-of-the-council-of-better-business-bureaus-claims

The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Essay Example

The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Interpretation of Dreams Oedipus Rex Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic hypothesis of the Oedipus complex is considered as one of the most controversial theories in the psychological school of theories in the world. The term Oedipus complex was because of the tale of the King Oedipus and the Oedipus Rex of Sophocles. It dwells on a prophecy whereby a young protagonist man is predicted to murder his father and wed his mother in unclear circumstances (Ahmed, 61). From Freud’s perspective, it is evident that young boys require love form their parents and with specific reference to their mothers all of which is a natural need for nurturing from the mother. In addition, Freud notes that young men unconsciously harbor hatred towards their fathers, which grows into wishing for the death of the father. Freud bases his theory on two portions of the mind, the conscious part and the unconscious part. In addition, he also noted that there was a preconscious part of the mind, which is responsible for the interactions between the conscious and the unconscious parts of the mind. In addition, he considers that the preconscious and unconscious minds form the smallest parts of the brain. He also considers that the unconscious mind is responsible for instigating man’s desires for cravings and basic things such as sex, food, thirst among others (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 11). From Freud’s perspective, he sates that man is born as an infant who has a pure id. This id is however corrupted and evolves to from wishes of which are unconscious for the growing individual. His views that the corruption of the mind is on the unconscious part could be termed as insufficient and baseless. This is because he states of the division of the brain into three parts, which are diverse in terms of functionality. However in essence the real brain is not divided in the claimed three parts of which he attributes the human traits such as desire, needs and wants. Hence, his claims could also be termed as assumptions or mere speculation as they are lacking. The lack of the three parts of the brain within any real human brain could be a clear illustration of the deviation those theories have had on the psychoanalytic schools of thought (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 34). Thus, his position when applied to man exercising free will could be described as fulfilling the desires of the unconscious part all of which is communicated from the unconscious to the conscious part by the preconscious part of the brain. Freud in efforts to convince people that man in essence has an already mapped out fate or destiny all of which is defined by the unconscious part of the brain and communicated to the conscious part of the brain for execution by the preconscious part of the brain all of which are unseen. Freud’s theories were usually explicit on sexual issues, which were considered as untouchable issues at that period. He considers that man does possess free will but is instead driven by the life drive, which is the desire to survive, and the death drive, which is the desire to kill or cease living. From such issues we draw a conclusion that man has fate or destiny which is already predetermined by the natural forces and more so the unconscious part of the mi nd. Hence, according to Freud man does not possess free will but is instead directed towards a fate. In relation to Liaus and Oedipus, they both were unaware of the presence of each other’s existence and were instead directed towards their fate by the unconscious mind. Hence, they both played their role towards the fulfillment of the prophecy. Furthermore, Freud adds that sex and its related actions are based on the unconscious part of the mind. This brings forth the question as to why consensual sex is mere based on unconscious reactions. Thus if so people would have sex with every other person. From such we are able to arrive at a conclusion that individual actions are made from free will as an individual is able to determine if an action is adequate and right before proceeding with the execution of the task. Freud’s basis on the ‘Oedipus complex’ is based on his theory that attraction or desire for the parent who is preferably of the opposite sex is usually a component in the developmental stage especially for younger male children at around the age of five years. In addition according to Sigmund Freud the behavior exhibited by people in society arises from sex and nature all of which are part of the unconscious part of the brain. In addition, the sex and nature or instincts are neurological messages of the physical needs of humans. Hence, in relation to the mythical story of Oedipus, the death of Liaus, Oedipus’ father happened because of his resentment for his father and coupled by the presence of a complex and unfathomable relationship between Oedipus and his mother. Hence, all of the incidences of the myth of Oedipus are edged on the fate and from such it is easy to state that man lives according to his fate or destiny (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 41). On the other hand, man does not have free will as his actions are based on sexual desires. He presupposes that man when born harbors only sexual desire of which becomes evident in maturity. He lays too much emphasis on sexual desires as the driver of man’s actions and more so his actions of social interactions with other people. This statement is insufficient, as man does not interact on a sexual perspective in day-to-day life. Hence, his conclusion can also be disputed by the modern day psychological schools and modern day medicine. Modern day studies indicate that infants and younger children do not harbor any sexual thoughts or feelings hence his claims that man possesses sexual desires while still in the mother’s womb as an embryo. Such claims are insufficient because his efforts are to convince the world that man has his behavior embedded within his mind. Hence, his or her sexual acts are merely out of the subconscious part of the min (Ellis, Abrams, Lidia, 49). Oedipus did not consider Queen Jocasta as his biological mother of who he was predicted to marry by the oracle but instead considered her as a potential wife to be as she held the throne. In addition, Oedipus’ encounter, which resulted in the death of his father who was the king, happened when both were unaware of each other’s identity. Thus according to Freud Oedipus’ murder towards a father of whom he was not aware of, happened out of resentment for the male parent. This is an insufficient statement as the tow Oedipus and Liaus were unaware of each other’s identity. In addition, from the same perspective his marriage towards a mother whom he did not consider was out of love for his mother. This is untrue because none of the two had any idea of each other’s identity. On the other hand, fate had a great role to play in the myth because Oedipus and Liaus visited oracles in efforts to avoid each other’s paths. However their efforts were in futility as the two eventually met and Oedipus after committing the murder did not have an idea of the identity of Liaus and if he was his father. Oedipus’ choice to marry a woman well older than him, edged out of free will and fate. Thus, Freud’s view that there exists a sexual attraction for people and their parents of the opposite sex is edged on mere assumptions. This is because Oedipus did not possess any knowledge that he was about to meet his mother in his path of adventure (Ahmed, 68). In conclusion Sigmund Freud’s theory could be considered as mere sexualized as he considers every actions within the human brain is as a result of the need to have physical fulfillment of specific actions. Hence, his theories are inadequate in that they fail to account for other actions by people, which are not based on a sexual perspective. This is because minute actions by people are influenced by their sexuality and sexual thoughts. Hence, the rest of the actions are undetermined. The same theories are also indecent because as an individual I do not consider my mother or father from a sexual perspective without any regard for my gender. Thus we act based on our needs to fulfill specific needs all of which must not fall under a sexual perspective (Ahmed, 70). Work Cited Ahmed, Sofe. â€Å"Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Oedipus Complex: A Critical Study With Reference To D.H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Sons and Lovers†Ã¢â‚¬  Internal Journal of English and Literature 3. 3(2012): pp 60-70.Print. Ellis, Albert, Mike Abrams, Lidia Abrams. Personality Theories: Critical Perspectives. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.

Suppletion Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Suppletion Definition and Examples in English Grammar In morphology, suppletion is the use of two or more phonetically distinct roots for different forms of the same word, such as the adjective bad and its suppletive comparative form worse. Adjective: suppletive. According to  Peter O. Mà ¼ller et al., the term strong  suppletion is  used where the allomorphs are highly dissimilar and/or have different etymological origins, as in the adjective forms good and best. We speak of weak suppletion if some similarity is discernible, as in the words five and fifth (Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, 2015). Examples and Observations Bad - worse is a case of suppletion. Worse is clearly semantically related to bad in exactly the same way as, for example, larger is related to large, but there is no morphological relationship between the two words, i.e. there is no phonetic similarity between them.(J.R. Hurford et al., Semantics: A Coursebook, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2007)Suppletion is said to take place when the syntax requires a form of a lexeme that is not morphologically predictable. In English, the paradigm for the verb be is characterized by suppletion. Am, are, is, was, were, and be have completely different phonological shapes, and they are not predictable on the basis of the paradigms of other English verbs. We also find suppletion with pronouns. Compare I and me or she and her. Suppletion is most likely to be found in the paradigms of high-frequency words. . ..(Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman, What Is Morphology? 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Good, Better, Best The forms good, better and best, which belong to the adjective good . . . show suppletion since the relationship between the morphs representing the root morpheme is phonologically arbitrary. It would plainly make no sense to claim that there is a single underlying representation in the dictionary from which go and went or good and better are derived. The best we can do is to content ourselves with listing these allomorphs together under the same entry in the dictionary. (Francis Katamba, English Words, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005) Origins of the Forms of Be and Go The Old English verb for be, like its Modern English counterpart, combined forms of what were originally four different verbs (seen in the present-day forms be, am, are, was). Paradigms that thus combine historically unrelated forms are called suppletive.Another suppletive verb is gan go, whose preterit eode was doubtless from the same Indo-European root as the Latin verb eo go. Modern English has lost the eode preterit but has found a new suppletive form for go in went, the irregular preterit of wend (compare send-sent). (John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005). Origin of the Term  Suppletion in Linguistics The term suppletion gradually makes its way into grammatical descriptions and other linguistic works in the late 19th century (Osthoff 1899; Thomas 1899:79). In grammars it was probably triggered by the preceding notion of a defective paradigm; e.g. if a verb lacks a form in a certain category, it is supplied by some other verb.In linguistic theory of the 20th century, suppletion came to be fully established as a concept with the advent of structuralism, where the relation between form and meaning as well as the understanding of paradigmatic relationships became very important for a synchronic language description. (Ljuba N. Veselinova, Suppletion in Verb Paradigms: Bits and Pieces of the Puzzle. John Benjamins, 2006) Etymology From the Latin, to supply, make up a whole Pronunciation: se-PLEE-shen

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Land Law - Essay Example This study looks into the law of land as a branch of law that regulates dealings related to land. Land is defined as a physical portion of the earth’s surface and resources that are found above and bellow the surface. The definition of land also extends to rights that are associated with land. This document covers the facts of the case: connor, a landowner decided to sell off part of his land in order to ease his financial strains. He intended to use the income for developing the remaining parts of his land. He sold his farmhouse to Jane on terms that the firm house shall be used as a residential facility for a single family. Similarly, he sold part of the farm to Bullhorn Company on terms that any subsequent owner of the sold part shall develop and maintain a fence, the sold portion shall not be used for more than twelve dwelling houses, and that the property shall strictly be used for residential purposes. Bullhorn developed twelve independent residential units and sold then to different parties on the terms that the owners shall strictly use the property for residential purposes and shall pay a vendor some maintenance fees for upkeep of the roadway. Jane also sold her property to Oscar who has since established a business enterprise within the property. Alex, one of the buyers from Bullhorn has also been using his house as a bail hostel, a commercial initiative. As a result, other house owners have expressed their dissatisfaction and have refused to maintain their fences as well as payments for road upkeep. Legal issues Covenants Covenants are obligations that are derived from agreements between two landowners. While one party incurs obligations, the other party consequently derives a benefit to the covenant. The common objectives for making covenants include restrictions to the use of the pieces of land or prescription of outline to a development plan. A covenant may for instance control the manner in which a person can use his or her piece of land o r even the status of the landowner. Though the general rule imposes rights and liabilities on the original parties to a covenant, th

Creating a Domain Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating a Domain Model - Essay Example This analogy decodes the computer hostnames as understood through human language; converting them into IP addresses. For example, with the case of the URL, www.suchas.com, it may be converted into 192.0.32.18. The Domain name system is also understood to be a distributed database which maps the IP addresses to the Host names. Utilizing the DNS it is probable to allot domain names to groups of Internet users in a significant way, independent of the actual physical location of each user. Since this is attainable, the hyperlinks of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the contact information provided by the internet will remain unbroken and dependable even though the prevailing Internet routing measures are changed or altered or a mobile device is used by the participant. It is easier to remember the Internet domain names as opposed to IP addresses; for example, in the case of IPv6, 2001:db8::1f70:6e8 or IPv4, 209.75.188.166. People capitalize on this advantage whenever they talk about expressive e-mail addresses and URLs without requiring to comprehend how the computer will essentially locate them. The Domain Name System allots the responsibility of allocating domain names and mapping the domain names to IP addresses through the designation of authoritative name servers for every domain. These authoritative name servers are supposed to be in control of their specific domains, acting in turn to allot other authoritative name servers to their sub-domains. This approach has made the domain name system fault tolerant and distributed and has aided in avoiding the demand for one central register to be continually used. With the presented case, Company Alpha has a prevailing DNS namespace. Diverse locations or establishments may be named with distinct subdomains such as firstname.corp. institu.com or secondname.corp.institu.com to simplify administration. I would consider an immediate action of making the Active directory child

Recruitment Process for Child Practitioner

Recruitment Process for Child Practitioner Summary This report talks about the recruitment process of a professional called G. It states what strengths and weaknesses she can give to her new role and how she can better herself in the setting as a practitioner. G is 20 years old and is currently studying a level 3 assessor award but also already has qualifications in level 2 health and social care and also a NVQ level 3 in childcare. G is applying for a room leader’s job in the setting see appendixes 1 and 2. The report also looks into the theories linked to practice and how G can implement these in her job role. Introduction In this report the author will explain what the recruitment process is and how It works right from the employer making the advertisement and what would be included, why we interview and give a trial in the interview and then after they are successful and the employer has gathered all relevant information they will then get an induction before starting work in the setting. Next we will discuss what G’s stability is for the post, such as her strengths and weakness, looking into the things she can bring to the setting and also looking at any problems that may arise. Then the author will discuss her potential progress, what G can do to progress in her new job and how can she plan what she is going to do. Next will be reflecting back on theory looking into individual relationships, motivation, behavior, management, leadership, group processes and managing performance Recruitment process Firstly the employer will have to make a job advertisement, including all parts of the job role and what is expected of the new employer. It will also have to state what qualifications they expect from the applicant. The job description should include at least six important factors, these being: Job title, Main duties, Role, Location, Salary and a brief of what your company does. (Marketing Donut, 2014) Then the employer will have to put the advertisement in local papers or online so that the applicant can find it. Once the applicant has assessed that they have everything they need for the job and it is what they are looking for by reading the job description like in appendix two, they will then call for an application form which they will then fill in and send back to the employer. Once the employer has assessed all applicants the ones which fit the needs if the job will be offered an interview. Once they are asked back to a structured interview the employer will examine the applica nt’s childcare knowledge, qualifications gained, practical experience and attitudes. The applicant may be asked to bring a current Disclosure and Barring Service, also known as a DBS (Gov. UK, 2014) along with your qualification certificates, three forms of I.D, one with a photo and also a current C.V. Each candidate is asked the same structured questions, their replies are noted, so that the employer can look back to find the best suited person. (Honeysucklechildcare.co.uk, 2014) In the interview it also gives the applicant an insight of the setting and how its set out this will help them to determine if the environment is right for them. At the interview the applicant may be asked to do a small trial with the children this is so that the staff can see if they work well with the children and in the setting. Once the employer picks the applicant they will firstly contact the two references that were supplied on the application form to find out information on how the applicant has worked in the past and if there has been any challenges. After they have gathered all relevant information and have their qualification certificates and their DBS they will be given an induction. Induction is the first part of the learning in setting for an employer when starting a different job. It contributes a structured start for the employees in the first weeks/months of work, which will make sure that they are sufficient enough to be left unsupervised with children unsupervised. Evidence suggests that a structured induction procedure, along with a developmental scheme will stimulate an important part in the retention of employees. (Kurtts, 2011) G,s induction will allow her to get to know all the people she will be working with and the policies and procedures of the setting it will also allow time for any relevant paperwork to be filled in. During the induction as a room leader she will be shown how to fill in all the paperwork she needs to do in the setting such as daily planners, registers, EYFS record keeping and diaries for the parents of the children. Most importantly, it will give an insight to the manager if she will cope with the job role and with the pace of the daily activities of the setting. G’s suitability G was most suitable for the job advertised, this is because it worked within what she was looking for and also her strengths fitted well into the job role, also as the job is mornings it seemed to tie in well with her weaknesses as well. Strengths She has a high attendance rate, which is strongly important as a room leader as other staff members will be relying on her not only for ratio purposes but as she is planning activities and daily duties. G is very enthusiastic and in interview showed her good positive ideas and communicated very well with the manager and also with the children and other colleagues. G will be able to bring her new ideas into the setting when it comes to planning the daily activities and outings with the children staying within the setting policies and procedures. She will be working mornings so this seems to fit in well with her lifestyle also she is still studying so working part time gives her the time she needs to continue that training. Weakness G will need some training in boosting her ability to plan activities on her own. She will also have to be overseen for a few weeks while in her trial period as she hasn’t had any responsibilities in inform parents of information, although she has had previous communication with parents in her old setting. It was previously disclosed by past employer that she seems to get moody when tired, so this seems to fit in well that she will only be working part time in the mornings. G is still in training so although she is working part time so it fits round her daily life this can also be a weakness as she may find it hard to work with such high standards and supervise everyone in her room as well as going to college and doing college work this may also delay her in doing any training that’s she may need through work. Training is regularly given at improving someone’s discrimination or cognition. (Cottrill, 1997) Potential Development for G G could progress her development by finishing her current course to her highest standards. She can also take up any opportunities that her work may give her such as higher level training and by attending all relevant training such as safeguarding and child protection as this is a requirement for all staff. (Pre-school.org.uk, 2015) G could also look into her own further education and development such as a PGCE in early childhood education and care. This will help her as this course is aimed at people who are already working with young children in early years such as nurseries. It will deepen G’s knowledge and understanding of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) she will also extend her knowledge and professional skills in observation and assessment of young childrens development how children develop while learning through play, combined with working with all parents and careers and the leadership of staff teams. These are all things G will be doing while a room leader, but with the training she can progress to a supervisor of the setting. (Shu.ac.uk, 2015) You can assess your own progress at work by specializing your goals when doing a personal development plan. (Ireland, Cure and Hopkins, 2009) All people set some goals when in a professional working environment. These goals may be only short term or semi-permanent goals. If the goals set are too overwhelming and that they will not be achieved in a time scale set, then you can set them for longer periods of time or do them one at a time. (Streetdirectory.com, 2015) Reflecting on theories Individual relationships Children learn and become independent through individual positive relationships Positive relationships help children develop because they show warmth and loving relationship with a sense of belonging. The professional has to show a sensitive and responsive relationship to the child’s needs, feelings and interests, they are supportive when a child uses their own efforts and independence. While they are regularly setting clear boundaries for the child. (Moylett and Stewart, 2012) This then leads to the attachment theory as infants have a universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver when under stress or threatened (Prior Glaser, 2006). This being the case G should always be available for her peers and always have positive relationships with them so she can aid their development so the children can develop well and also easily be calmed with distressed or threatened. If she does not have positive relationships with the children this may hold back their best potenti al development and also when distressed they will not be calmed easily. Motivation To maximise a child’s development positive motivation will play a major part. Elton Mayos theory of motivation examined the social desires of the employee. He believed that pay alone wasnt adequate to encourage workers to put forward their best practice. He believed that the social desires of the staff ought to be taken into thought. He suggested employers treat their staff in a caring and humane way so that it demonstrates an interest within the individual so as to possess them manufacture their best work. (Silver, 2015) G can implement this in her own work as she can be well motivated towards all children and staff in setting, this then will have a knock on effect and helps them to produce their best work and also so the children can work to their best ability, giving them the best possible development outcomes. Behavior A practitioner’s behavior has a massive effect on all aspects of the setting. The main two are maintaining yourself as a professional, your behavior towards others and your job will show people how professional you are and how you come across in your job. In social learning theory Albert Bandura states behavior is learned from the setting and the practitioners through observation. Bandura also states that humans consider the connection between their behavior and its consequences. Children also observe the people around them and the way in which they behave in. (Bandura 1977). G can do this in her setting by keeping positive behaviors and by acting professionally at all times. However, she must be aware of when she gets tired she can get moody and that this behavior will have a negative effect on the children and other staff members. Management and Leadership The management can have a big impact on the whole setting from to how they professional run the setting through to communication within the setting. The manager of the setting can help the other professionals in the setting by going through personal development plans, giving good communication, Motivating the team and giving them training so they can develop. G can take up all the opportunities given to her and stick to her development plans alongside her manager. Group processes There are many ways to group process one being Bruce Tuckmans Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing team-development model this is a way of all staff members linking together to make sure their overall performance is at the highest level possible. The development model explains that because the team develops maturity and talent this establish relationships and also how the manager changes their leadership styles. Starting with a direction, moving through employment, then collaborating and finishing authorisation. (Bonebright, 2010) G can do this with her other staff members so that as a team they can perform to the best they can. Managing performance One way of managing performance is to have a performance management, this is a way of approaching the setting through supporting workers to perform well and develop in their roles. Things like appraisal, outlined objectives, supervising and feedback will modify a shared understanding and agreement of expectations. This then permits workers to develop their skills and ability so that they can improve the standard of the training and care provided within the setting. An effective performance management system will encourage staff to recognise as well as rewarding achievements, whereas providing opportunities for individuals to develop their careers. Positive communication is additionally integral to support and inspiring staff so that it enhance their performance. (Dnn.essex.gov.uk, 2015) G can take on board how she supports the staff members in her room and give them feedback at team meetings on how they can improve themselves. References Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bonebright, D. (2010). 40 years of storming: a historical review of Tuckmans model of small group development. Human Resource Development International, 13(1), pp.111-120. Cottrill, M. (1997). Give Your Work Teams Time and Training. Academy of Management Perspectives, 11(3), pp.87-89. Dnn.essex.gov.uk, (2015). Early Years and Childcare Provider > Information for Managers > Managing Staff > Performance. [Online] Available at: http://dnn.essex.gov.uk/eycp/InformationforManagers/ManagingStaff/Performance.aspx [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2014). Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks) GOV.UK. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/disclosure-barring-service-check/overview [Accessed 13 Dec. 2014]. Honeysucklechildcare.co.uk, (2014). Recruitment. [Online] Available at: http://www.honeysucklechildcare.co.uk/4.html [Accessed 28 Dec. 2014]. Ireland, B., Cure, R. and Hopkins, L. (2009). Perfecting your personal development plan. Vital, 6(2), pp.40-41. Kurtts, S. (2011). Successful induction for new teachers: a guide for NQTs induction tutors, coordinators, and mentors. Teacher Development, 15(1). Marketing Donut, (2014). Six things you need to include in a job description. [Online] Available at: http://www.lawdonut.co.uk/law/employment-law/recruitment-and-employment-contracts/six-things-you-need-to-include-in-a-job-description [Accessed 28 Dec. 2014]. Moylett, H. and Stewart, N. (2012). EYFS Development Matters. 1st ed. London: Early Education. Pre-school.org.uk, (2015). Safeguarding | Advice and resources | Pre-school Learning Alliance. [Online] Available at: https://www.pre-school.org.uk/providers/support-and-advice/430/safeguarding [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Prior, V. and Glaser, D. (2006). Understanding attachment and attachment disorders. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Silver, F. (2015). Three Major Theories of Motivation. [Online] Business Entrepreneurship azcentral.com. Available at: http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/three-major-theories-motivation-1260.html [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Shu.ac.uk, (2015). Print version | PGCE Early Childhood Education and Care (0-5) with EYTS (graduate employment route) Part-time course. [Online] Available at: http://www.shu.ac.uk/prospectus/course/1279/print/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Streetdirectory.com, (2015). Assessing Your Progress At Work. [Online] Available at: http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/190857/careers_and_job_hunting/assessing_your_progress_at_work.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Appendix One Job Specification Appendix Two JOB DESCRIPTION JOB TITLE: Room leader JOB LEVEL: 3 Job Description Room Leader To be a leader of a team, providing an emotionally secure, warm, stimulating and safe environment, appropriate to the needs of individual children. There must be excellent knowledge of the Early Years foundation stage and implement these in your daily work. This is a basic job description that must be implemented at all times, extension of this job description is essential to promotion and enhancement within the setting. Main Duties and responsibilities Over viewing planning sheets and record keeping of all the staff in your room Ensuring routines are followed Ensuring new decisions are taken on board Ensuring all staff in the room know all information needed Ensuring that all policies and procedures are being followed by all staff Being a role model to the other staff in your room Understanding all policies and procedures of the nursery Manage staff effectively, ensuring ratios are maintained throughout the setting Overseeing the professionalism of all staff in the setting Welcome all children and parents to the nursery Provide a wide range of activities for the children individually and as a group appropriate to their needs and developmental stages. Putting out and setting up the nursery and storing away equipment appropriately. Encourage all the children with their language development Maintain a clean and tidy nursery and garden area and ensure all equipment and toys are clean and in good order. Encourage and supervise clearing and tidy up time Provide a high standard of health and hygiene Change nappies and encourage children with toilet training and personal hygiene Help children at meal times and then tidy and clear away afterwards Act as a key person for a group of children as allocated by the management team, ensuring attachment theories are respected. Work in partnership with parents, consulting and sharing information with them about the needs and progress of their children Filling in all the appropriate records for your key children and ensure they are always up to date Attend all staff meetings To undertake all training and give feedback to the other members of staff also implement this in your work Ensuring all staff stick to the policies and procedures of their setting. Page 1 of 15 Pin 1320743Central Bedfordshire College

Examine the causes of urban sprawl and assess the effectiveness of strategies to contain it

Urban sprawl is one of the key planning issues today. It consists of low density settlement extending beyond the boundaries of built up areas. Also it involves high dependence on private automobiles and is often the result of poorly planned or unplanned development. While urban sprawl is linked to population growth, it is also caused by falling household sizes, increased demand for low density living, lower land prices in peripheral areas and a desire to escape from cities because of crime and pollution. There are number of forms of urban sprawl that can take place, the three main patterns are low density sprawl, ribbon sprawl and leap frog development. Each type of sprawl is often caused by the same core problems, all of which resulting in consequential effects. There are numerous reasons as to why urban sprawl occurs, however a significant point when it became apparent was after World War 2. At this time people started moving from the cities to the countryside. Living in suburbia signified a better, healthier lifestyle. The land in the areas people were moving to was cheap and there was plenty of it, and government incentives and subsidies helped families realize their dream of a better life. As times have moved on the issues of urban sprawl have continued, caused by a variety of factors. To begin with the increasing demand for housing plays a large part in urban sprawl, with more people buying houses and living with fewer people, houses are in demand more than ever. This coupled with the quality of the inner city environment causes people to want to move out of the inner city into suburban areas, hence urban sprawl. A further cause for urban sprawl is the demand for low density housing, people have increasing wants for higher living standards and want to get as much as they can for their money, therefore this can be achieved more easily by moving out of the densely populated city centre's to suburban areas where they can have more space and land. Additionally the demographic structure and household changes may impact upon urban sprawl. Changes in age structure, social structure of the population and household type and structure may all affect location preferences of households. Lastly, lifestyle and behaviour can have a significant effect on urban sprawl. Changes in lifestyle, for instance increases in leisure time and disposable incomes may lead to people to want to live in an environment to suit this type of lifestyle and often suburban areas can meet these needs. Although there are several causes that encourage urban sprawl there are a number of strategies that have been implemented in order to try and contain it. The solutions can be based on three main approaches. Firstly, designating areas where no development is allowed, secondly channeling urban growth to selected towns and cities and lastly increasing urban residential densities and attracting residents back to the city. One policy that can be implemented is urban growth boundaries or green belts. This aims to restrict the physical sprawl. This is illustrated by Portland Oregon in the USA where an urban growth boundary surrounds Portland and twenty three nearby small settlements. The green belt protects the attractive rural landscapes of the Willamette Valley and helps invigorate the inner city. Portland managed to accommodate a 0% growth in population by increasing the built up area by only 2 % between 1970 and 2000. However, while Portland has been successful in using this strategy so far, the city is begging to run out of land. Consequently, house prices are rising rapidly, 15. 6% between 193 and 1996 compared with 1. 8 % for the whole country. In order to find affordable housing people are being forced to move further away to the adjacent city of Vancouver. Another method which has been used in Minneapolis is revitalization of the city centre. This aims to attract people back to the city by providing good quality services and making them convenient and easy to use. In turn relieving pressures on suburban areas and thus decreasing urban sprawl. Switching transport investment from intercity highways to city transport schemes is another way in which urban sprawl can be minimized. By doing this cities can be made more attractive and manageable for people to access and use. The US government rejected plans for a highway near Salt Lake City in order to try and put more financial support into city transport schemes. New towns are another scheme implemented in a number of areas in order to tackle urban growth and manage urban sprawl. In Cairo to try and alleviate urban sprawl, protect scarce farmland and provide better living conditions for the residents of the cities overcrowded districts, the Egyptian government began planning a series of new settlements around Cairo in the 1970's. Various settlements were developed, located in five growth corridors; while Cairo itself was surrounded by a ring road o prevent outward expansion. Although some of the settlements were successful at attracting businesses, they were less triumphant at gaining residents. The majority of workers continued to live in Cairo and commute to the New Towns. In this case the success was variable and proved ineffective as the towns diminished due to water shortages and poor public transport. Lastly, an alternative to urban sprawl is the greater use of land and buildings in existing built-up areas, this can take two forms, conversion of unused buildings into new homes or development on Brownfield land. Brownfield land consists of areas previously used for industry or commercial activity which are now derelict or unused. England has over 57000 ha of previously developed and unused land in cities. In Glasgow, for example, 12 % of land is classified as derelict. Although this appears to be a viable solution to urban sprawl there are problems that occur. Brownfield sites have many limitations for planes and developers and are often contaminated with industrial chemicals or waste from factories and power stations. An example of a Brownfield development is Barking Reach on the banks of the River Thames in inner London. In order to make this site suitable for development of houses, offices and schools, developers had to bury overhead power cables, remove ash from three power stations, and reclaim marshland by raising the ground level. Overall, although there are many causes that result in urban sprawl there appear to be many solutions available in order to contain or even solve the issue. However, the effectiveness of these solutions is variable. For instance although in the short-term Portland, Oregon has been effective it is now having to deal with a number of consequential issues which makes the long-term effectiveness of the project to be questionable. As for Cairo, it is evident that the initial plans and ideas were sufficient but the financial support and economic stability were not there in order to make the development successful. For urban sprawl to be effectively managed or even solved a combination of suitable strategies need to be planed, implemented and contained in order for it to be sustained and therefore a success.

Promote children’s welfare and well being Essay

1.1) Explain the welfare requirements & guidance of the EYFS. The statutory welfare requirements were set up to help guide childcare staff in what is expected of them as part of their role. There are five welfare requirements which Ofsted will check are being met. Safeguarding and Promoting Children’s Welfare This section covers a lot of the day-to-day activities which that you will be involved in, for example, food and drink, medicines and behaviour management. There must be written consent for any medicines which need to be administered to children. All staff within the setting must be trained in paediatric first aid and fresh water should be available to the children at all times. Staff can smoke outside as long as there are no children present. Fire doors must be able to be opened easily from the inside. It is important that there is one toilet and hand basin for every ten children over the age of 2 so that these areas can be easily accessed. All children within the setting must have a key person to allow the child to settle in easily and make it easier to carry out assessments. Children are only allowed to go home with another adult if their parents have given permission. In my setting the parent should tell a member of staff when they drop their child off if they are getting picked up by somebody else. We use a password system meaning that each child has a unique password on their records that the parent and the person picking the child up should know. This tells us that the child is going with the right person. Suitable People Anybody working with children in any way needs a separate CRB check for each childcare setting that you work in. You should never use physical intervention when disciplining children, this could be seen as a serious offence and may lead to disciplinary or even dismissal. All unqualified staff who are working with children should be encouraged to gain a level two qualification to gain a better knowledge and understanding in their role. The ratios for staff-children vary depending on the age of the children. The  younger the children are, the more staff will be needed. Suitable Premises, Environment and Equipment This aims to ensure that children are looked after in suitable and safe premises. The layout of the room is also important as it should allow children to play and communicate appropriately. There are many legal requirements that apply to this section, for example, checking that toys and furniture are safe and that the outdoor area is clean and secure. Organisation This section of the EYFS relates to the promotion of children’s learning and development. This will include planning activities for the children. It is important that you choose activities carefully which have a positive effect on the children’s development and they will enjoy at the same time. It is important that you show the children a routine whilst giving them support and allowing them to have independence at the same time. Documentation This applies to records for children, students doing placement at the setting, and staff working at the setting. These should be kept in a secure, locked cupboard in a private area. These records may need to be changed if there is a change of address or contact number. 1.2) Explain the lines of reporting & responsibility within your setting Within my setting if there is an issue concerning a child then depending on the issue you may report it to the child’s key person first of all. If it is a serious issue then you may choose to go straight to your line manager or child protection officer. In my setting my line manager is my child protection officer so I would go straight to her. If it is a small issue then I could tell my room supervisor. If there was an issue concerning a member of staff then I would straight to my line manager to avoid breaching confidentiality. 2.4) Explain giving examples, why minimum requirements for Space and Staff  ratio’s are necessary for children’s safety. Minimum space requirements and staff ratios are necessary for the children’s safety because it is important that there are a sufficient amount of adults to supervise the children and meet their needs. Generally the younger the children are, the higher the requirement for space and staff ratio. Most settings will easily meet these requirements. There should be at least one member of staff present when there are three children in care. There should be at least two members of staff present when there are 4-7 children in care. There should be at least three members of staff present when there are 8 or more children in care. It is important that children have enough room to move freely without having accidents. The room should be laid out in a way that makes more space for the children. If there are accidents then the furniture or equipment should be moved to prevent it from happening again. 3.1) Explain how you promote children’s health & well being in your setting Within my setting we promote children’s health and well-being in many ways. Healthy Eating If children have not had breakfast before the come into the setting then we offer them toast or cereal and a drink of milk to make sure they have the energy they need for the day. The children are provided with a healthy snack in the morning and afternoon. This usually includes toast, various fruit and milk. The children are provided with a healthy meal for lunch, for example roast chicken dinner. Fresh air and Physical activity We then try to get the children outside for about an hour to ensure that they are getting the necessary exercise and vitamin D. This allows the children to breathe in more oxygenated air and ensures appropriate ventilation to prevent the spreading of infections. We also try to include an activity in the planning which will ensure the children are being active, for example dancing or an obstacle course. Hygiene We make sure that the children’s nappies are changed morning and afternoon, more if needed. If the children’s clothes are dirty or wet from play then we will change them. We make sure that children wash their hands after going to the toilet and before eating. Health surveillance We always keep a close on children to monitor their health. If we think a child may be ill then we will take the appropriate actions. This may mean just taking the child’s temperature and giving them a drink and taking clothing off if they are too hot. Depending on how ill the child is and how long it is till they get picked up we may ring their parents to collect them. Rest and sleep The children usually have a story or songs before their snack in the morning and afternoon and before their lunch. This is a time where the children can rest and sit quietly. If the children are tired then we allow them to have a sleep in a quiet area of the room. Provide an example of a week’s menu, showing balanced meals, snack & drinks for children, following current government guidance on nutritional needs. This menu follows the government guidance on nutritional needs because it includes a lot of fruit and vegetables. It is very varied in different meals and includes most, if not all of the elements of the Eatwell Plate which is recommended by the government. Why is it important to follow carers’ instructions in respect of their child’s food allergies or intolerances? It is important that you follow carer’s instructions on their child’s food allergies and intolerances as it can lead to serious consequences. Key workers should be aware of children in their group who have allergies or intolerances. Posters should be made to be displayed within the setting to remind staff. However these should be displayed in the staff room and kitchen; areas where other parents cannot see them. How would you recognise signs & symptoms of food allergies/intolerances? Signs and symptoms of food allergies can include swelling of lips or eyes, redness of the face, itching and difficulty breathing. Children with serious allergies may be given an Epipen. Children with severe food allergies may also have an inhaler. Training will be given to staff on how to use this and the child’s key person will be in charge of it. Food intolerances are usually noticed by the child having diarrhoea. Due to diarrhoea having more than one cause it is important that parents talk to their GP about a suspected food intolerance. Including: Portion control It is important that children and parents are aware of what is the right size portion for the child. This is because this can lead to them becoming under or over weight. This could also include the types of food that are included in the portion of food as some foods are healthier for children than others. For example fizzy drinks, chocolate and cake aren’t good for children and can make them become hyperactive and fruit and vegetables are good for children and will provide them with the vitamins that they need. However some fruit juices can also be high in sugar so sometimes it is best just to stick to water. Tackling under and over weight children The weight of a child is mainly due to the types of food that the child is eating and the size of the portion. The right amount of exercise is also key in the child being the correct weight. It is important that you are doing the right amount of exercise as too much exercise could mean that you become underweight and too little can mean that you become overweight. Sugary foods like fizzy drinks, cakes, chocolate and sweets will make you put on weight a  lot quicker so it is best to avoid these, however you do need a small amount in your diet. Parents should be advised early if it is thought that their child is under or over weight so that action can be taken. Parents will often choose to believe that their child is just ‘cuddly’ as they don’t want to believe that they are overweight. There are many leaflets and websites that parents can go to for more information on the subject. Being under or over weight can also lead to the child having self-confidence issues so it is best to avoid this. If a child is under or over weight then there may be other issues leading to this so it is important to take the time to discuss issues carefully with the child. Food phobias Many children will have phobias of certain foods. This may stem from a bad experience or from them not liking the food. It could also come from watching important adults in their life not eating certain foods and thinking that they shouldn’t either. This can lead to many problems when trying to get children to eat a proper balanced meal. Therefore it is important that parents or carers are provided with tips on how to tackle this. 6.2) Explain the regulations concerning management of medicines & how these are interpreted in the setting. (Cross ref. Unit CYP 3.4-4.2, Unit CYP 3.6-2.3) Where medical treatment is required the manager will inform the insurance company in writing. Medical forms must be filled in where medicine is administered to children. These must include the date and times to be given, the name of the medicine and how much to give to the child. The form must be filled in by the parent or carer of the child in the presence of a member of staff, at the start of the child’s session. The medication must be kept in the correct place, i.e a fridge or a cool, dry place and a first aider must give the child the medication. We have a child within our setting with asthma who has an ongoing medicine form for his inhaler. 6.3) Explain how you protect yourself when lifting & handling children &  equipment in the setting. It is important when lifting anything that you lift with your knees and not your back. Some children can be quite heavy so it is best to avoid lifting them or getting another member of staff to help you. Poor lifting and handling results in many back injuries. Every member of staff should attend a lifting and handling course. You should always follow your settings policy on lifting and handling. Your manager should have carried out a risk assessment covering daily activities that require you to lift and handle children and resources. You should assess the situation before you move a child or equipment. It may be a good idea to make the object you are lifting smaller or make two trips. To conclude your assignment, consider how your research has impacted on your knowledge and understanding in this area of learning. The main sources for my research for this assignment were the book and knowledge from my work setting. I have learnt about dietary needs for different cultures and religions and how to store breast and formula milk.