This essay explores the mutually beneficial commercial...

This essay explores the mutually beneficial commercial collaborations between the tobacco companies and major motion picture studios from the late 1920s through the 1940s. Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent and young adult smoking initiation. Public health efforts to eliminate smoking from films accessible to youth have been countered by defenders of the status quo, who associate tobacco imagery in â€Å"classic† movies with artistry and nostalgia. Both the entertainment and tobacco industries recognised the high value of promotion of tobacco through entertainment media. Each company hired aggressive product placement firms to represent its interests in Hollywood. These firms placed products and tobacco signage in positive†¦show more content†¦Product and brand exposure in films is the result of paid product placement, the provision of free products as props, or personal use by actors. Product placement implies a mutually beneficial relationship between the filmmaker and the manufacturer of the product. Initial contact may be made by the filmmaker seeking to reduce costs, increase income, and provide realism or it may be made by product placement firms seeking product exposure for companies they represent. Product placement firms have evolved over the last two decades to broker relationships between filmmakers and corporations. The usual procedure is for the product placement firm to receive scripts in advance of production from filmmakers and review the scripts for the possible use of products they represent. Normally this involves substitu ting a specific brand for a generic brand—that is, instead of â€Å"John meets Mary at a coffeehouse†, John might meet Mary at Curts Coffee. The integrity of the script is maintained, a touch of realism is provided, the filmmaker has an existing location for filming, and Curts Coffee receives extensive free exposure. The film cast and crew may also receive free lattes and muffins and possibly Curts Coffee mugs. The product placement firm receives its fee for making the placement, and everyone connected with making the film wins. While the tobacco industry has routinely denied active involvement inShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibitedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesMoran All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007007922 ISBN: 978–1–59158–408–7 978–1–59158–406–3 (pbk.) First published in 2007 Libraries Unlimited, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 A Member of the Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.lu.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard

Professional Ethics - Social Networking - 1455 Words

1. In the Quon V. Ontario case, the police officers filed a lawsuit even thought they were not fired for the information that the police chief learned about their text messages. How, if at all, is someone harmed simply by another person reading private text messages? This case centered on the apparent right of privacy. DesJardin’s described privacy as â€Å"†¦important because it serves to define one’s individuality† (p.142). It is likely Jeff Quan did not give any indication to his peers of his outlandish sexual preferences, although he kept it private these character traits gave him is individuality. DesJardin concludes, â€Å"that certain personal decisions and information are rightfully the exclusive domain of the individual† (p.142).†¦show more content†¦Similarly, Colvin also surrendered his right to control of private information when he decided to participate on Facebook. However, Colvin situation differs from Swann and Leones because he did not post the incriminating picture, Swann and Leone implicated themselves. Additionally, Colvin’s misconduct did affect work performance; he lied to skip work and was caught. Although he did not provide the evidence himself, he should have been awa re of the possibility arising due to Facebook (esp. after going to a Halloween party, probably the most photographed night, as far as pictures on Facebook, are concerned). This all results in an employee’s awareness of what information is shared about them. If there is a relative risk of private information being publically accessed than the employee should take necessary steps to restrict the flow of personal information. A funny parallel: A friend of mine deleted everyone she encountered the night before to prevent pictures surfacing of the nights activities. As outrageous as that sounds, she did what was required to restrict private information from surfacing on Facebook. 3. In both the Swann and Leone cases the employers did not give the employee and option to explain or appeal their decisions. Should they have? In those instances, I believe due process was appropriate. They did not reveal trade secrets or detrimentally harm the company, they were just off hand comments any dissatisfiedShow MoreRelatedPrivacy and Computer Technology1813 Words   |  7 Pageswidespread, computer ethics are boiling down distinguishing what is good from what is wrong mentality. Everyones view on computer ethics differ, however all should keep in mind the value of ethics when making decisions that are ethics based. 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Analysis of Woolworth Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Analysis of Woolworth. Answer: Introduction Now-a-days every investor perform the investment analysis before making an investment in the organization and it is important as failure to make such analysis will lead to undue risk and less return as required on the investment. Analysis or interpretation of the financial performance of any company requires reporting on the financial condition of the company in regards to profitability, liquidity, asset efficiency and other important market conditions that impacts investors decisions. Every investor wants that their investment provides them maximum returns with minimum risk but it must be noted that good returns are possible where there are some risk associated. In this particular report, financial performance of the Woolworth Limited has been evaluated in detail and this report has been provided to the directors of the company who want to make investment in the rapid growing Australian economy. For this purpose, ratio analysis has been performed for Woolworth Limited and in order to make the industry analysis, the competitor of Woolworth limited, The Reece Group. The main purpose of this financial performance report is to help the directors of the company in taking the wise decision regarding investment in the Woolworth Limited. Financial Performance of Woolworth Limited and comparison with Reece Limited Group In this segment of the assignment, various ratios have been calculated and their trends for year 2015 and 2016 have been noted to understand the increase or decrease in the performance during the year 2016. Profitability Analysis Profitability is the most important criteria for any investor to choose any company because if company profitability is in increasing trend than it will provide good returns and market price of investment will also increase providing required return on the investment. In this category, ratios like gross profit ratio and net profit margin ratio has been calculated to understand the profitability performance of the company (Sagner, 2010). Gross Profit Margin Ratio Gross profit margin refers to the revenue left after meeting all the expenses related to the cost of goods sold. Generally this profit is not the profit that has been hold for the equity share holders as there are other expenditures that need to be paid before arriving at the actual profit. All the ratio calculations are provided in the appendix section of this assignment. According to the calculation made the gross profit margin ratio the company has earned gross profit of 27.29% in year 2015 and it has been decreased to 26.85% in year 2016, reflecting the downfall of 1.60% in year 2016 (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). The profitability position of Woolworth is acceptable but it is important to look over the change sin the trend and also requires to be compared with the competitor, The Reece Group. The cost of sales of Woolworth in year 2015 was 42,950 million dollars and reduced to 42,676.7 in year 2016. Same has also happened with the sale revenue of Woolworth Limited that causes the decrease in gross profit of the company in year 2016. Gross Profit margin ratio of Reece Limited in year 2015 was 32.98% and it got increased to 33.34% in year 2016 that shows an increase of 1.09% in the gross margin ratio in year 2016. So it can be said that profitability position of Reece Limited was better as compared to Woolworth or Vice Versa (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Net Profit Margin Net profit margin can is termed as the revenue left after meeting all the expenses related cost of sold, operating expenses, administrative expenses, selling and distribution expenses and other expenses. It is calculated as net profit before tax divided by the net revenue of the company in the same period (Sagner, 2010). In year 2015, the net profit of the Woolworth Limited was 5.61% which was reduced to 2.34 % in year 2016. This overall decrease in net profit ratio is about 58.24 % in year 2016 as compare to year 2015(Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). So it can be said that there is decreasing trend in the net profit ratio of the Woolworth Limited. It can be seen that there was increase in operating and administrative expenses despite of decrease in revenue in year 2016 when compared with figures of year 2015. The net profit ratio of Reece Limited was 11.43 % in year 2015 and has increased to 12.30 %in year 2016 that show the 7.60 % positive trend in net profit ratio. So it can be said that level of profitability of Woolworth is not acceptable for the investment purpose because both the profitability ratios shows decrease in profit and increase in expenditures that will lead to more negative trend in profitability of the company (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Liquidity Analysis Liquidity analysis means short term capability of the company to pay the liabilities of the company. Current ratio and quick ratio are two important ratio used to calculate the liquidity of the company (Sagner, 2010). Current ratio Current ratio measure the normal liquidity position of the organization as it tells level of current assets to pay off the current liabilities. The current ratio of Woolworth Limited was 0.84 times in year 2015 and it remained almost same in year 2016. Calculations show that there is overall 1.12 % increase in the current ratio in year 2016. It can be seen that company was not able to meet up all the current liability expenses in both the years (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). Current ratio calculations in regards to Reece Limited show that company has current assets of 2.02 times in year 2015 and it has increased by 1.20 %in year 2016 to 2.04 times. So it can be said that overall liquidity position of Reece Limited in much better than the Woolworth Limited in both the years (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Quick Ratio Quick ratio is absolute measure of liquidity position of the company as it measures liquidity through ignoring the assets that are not easily convertible into cash. Quick ratio of Woolworth was 0.30 times in year 2015 and it has increased to 0.33 times in year 2016 resulting increase of 7.29%. The short term liquidity position of Woolworth limited was worth in both the years as company has only 30 % of real cash to pay the current liabilities (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). On the other hand, the liquidity position of Reece Limited was very strong as company has quick assets of 1.04 times in year 2015 and 1.08 times in year 2016 (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Analyzing overall liquidity position of Woolworth in year 2015 as well in year 2016 it can be said that liquidity position of the company is not acceptable despite of increase in trend. It is because as per ideal current ratio the current assets of the company must be between 1.5 to 2 times the current liabilities but it is less the current liabilities. Asset Efficiency Analysis Asset efficiency means how efficiently the resources of the company are being used to earn the revenue (Bull, 2007). Inventory Turnover Ratio Inventory turnover ratio indicates the how many times the average inventory has been sold to earn the revenue. The inventory turnover ratio of Woolworth Limited was 8.82 times in year 2015 and 9.36 times in year 2016. It indicates inventory has been properly utilized by the company in year 2016 as compare to 2015 showing the increase in trend of 6.20 % (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). On the other hand, Reece Limited has poor inventory turnover ratio in both the years that reflects that company was unable to utilize the inventory to earn the revenue (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Days Sales in Inventory This ratio provides inventory turnover ratio in days of year. More precisely it provides how many days company needed to turn all inventory into sales. In year 2016, Woolworth has taken 39.99 days to convert the entire inventory into sales whereas Reece Limited has taken 97.63 days to convert all inventories into sales (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). Overall analysis of asset efficiency it can be said that Woolworth has utilized its assets more precisely as compared to Reece Limited (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Long Term Solvency Analysis This analysis helps to check the capital structure of the company as well as it also check the leverage position of the company (Bull, 2007). Debt to Equity Debt to equity ratio shows the presence of overall long term debt as against the overall equity. Debt equity of Woolworth was 0.28 times in year 2015 and it further increased to 0.44 times in year 2016 that indicates company has become more leverage in year 2016 as compare to year 2015. On the other hand the debt equity ratio of Reece Limited was 0.17 times in year 2015 and it reduced to 0.12 in year 2016 reflecting payment of debt loan in year 2016. Debt to total assets This ratio provides level of debt as against the total assets. Overall analysis indicates that Woolworth contains satisfactory level of debt as against the total assets of the company. In year 2016 there is some increase in debt capital of the company. It can be said that long term solvency position of the company is acceptable despite of increase in debt capital in year 2016 because the level of debt was below 0.50 times of equity that indicates company is not highly leverage (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Recommendations and conclusion On the basis of overall analysis I did not recommend to the company to invest in Woolworth Limited due to bad profitability position in year 2016 and poor liquidity position in both the years. References Annual report of Reece Limited 2016. [Online]. Available at: www.reecegroup.com.au/assets/Uploads/F2016-Reece-Limited-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed on: 5 May 2017]. Annual report of Woolworth Limited 2016. [Online]. Available at: www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/investors/our-performance/reports/Reports [Accessed on: 5 May 2017]. Bull, R. 2007. Financial Ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximize value and success for your businesses. Elsevier. Sagner, J. 2010. Essentials of Working Capital Management. USA: John Wiley Sons.

Lenses experiment Essay Example

Lenses experiment Essay I will set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. To decide which lens I am to use I will find the focal lengths of different lenses and us the lens that gives the easiest focal length to work with, this will be found out in my preliminary experiment.In this experiment I will be trying to prove my hypothesis, to do that the results that I obtain have to help me find the magnifications of different lengths away from the focal length. The object will be put on the focal point for the first result then I will measure the diameter of the object, this should always be 2.0cm, and then I will measure the diameter of the image. I will record my results into a suitable table; all of my results must be to 1 decimal place apart from the results for the magnifications, which will be to 2 decimal places.I will obtain results every 2.0cm and take four results so that I can take an average result for the object distance (U), for the width of the image and the magnification. I will obtain r esults every 2.0cm because the image size drastically changes at the beginning when moving it away from the lens just a little bit and less so later on when got past 2F(twice the focal length), therefore a small gap between results is vital or else when coming to make a graph of the results will cause major parts of the magnification change to be lost.I will choose a suitable range of results from performing the preliminary experiment.VariablesMy independent variable will be moving the object.My dependant variable will be the lens.There are two common types of lenses convex (converging) lenses and concave (diverging) lenses.As you can see by looking at these diagrams a convex lens can make a real or a virtual image and a concave lens can only make a virtual image. I am using a convex lens in this experiment so that I can measure the size if the image and to be able to do that my image needs to be real, but only a convex lens produces a real image. My image needs to be real because o ne cannot touch or project a virtual image on to a screen and to measure the image one would need to touch the image.Concave lenses are lenses that are thinner at the center than at the edges, bend light rays so that they diverge, and so produce only virtual images. The image is formed on the same side of the lens as the object; it is upright and is always diminished. The distance of the object from the lens controls the size of the image: the closer the object is to the lens, the larger the image.A convex lens is thicker at the center than at the edges. When an object is placed beyond the focal length of a convex lens, the lens bends the light rays from the object so that they converge and form a real image on the opposite side of the lens. If the object is placed within the focal length of the lens, however, an enlarged virtual image is formed behind the object, on the same side of the lens. In general, in this case, the closer the object is to the lens, the less the image is enla rged.These are descriptions of the two lenses and how they work, this will hopefully explain why I am using a convex lens and why I am not taking any measurements between the focal point and the lens, if not this is because it gives a virtual image and a virtual image cannot be measured.So I have hopefully explained why in my experiment I will use a convex lens, but I have not yet said why I believe the convex lens will cause the magnification of the image to decrease as the object moves further away from the focal point of the lens. So now I will do that.Here are some ray diagrams, the object in each is 2.0cm tall and the focal length of the lens in each diagram is 4.0cm.In the first ray diagram the object is between the focal point and the lens this giving a virtual image. This is of little use to me for I would not be able to measure the image in real life but I can explain why, the reason being one cannot touch or project a virtual image onto a screen, therefore I would be unabl e to measure the image for I would not be able to touch it. This is also a diagram of how a magnifying glass works.Ray Diagram 2 shows the object on the focal point, when constructing a ray diagram of this 2 parallel lines are given this then means that the image is magnified, but to an amount that one would find it immeasurable.Ray Diagram 3 shows the object between the F (focal point) and 2F (double the focal length). This gives a real, magnified and inverted image this is smaller that the previous one but one could easily measure it.Ray Diagram 4 shows the object on 2F this then gives a real, same size and inverted image. This should now indicate that as the object has been moved further away from the focal point the size of the images have decreased and when the magnification is worked out the magnifications should also decrease. This should now mean the any images after this should not be magnified or the same size but diminished.Ray diagram 5 shows a real, diminished and inver ted image, as I thought. Now if I work out the magnification for each of the diagrams they should gradually decrease.There are two ways of working out the magnification one simple way and one more complicated way, which is supposed to be more accurate. A ray diagram is not required for the complicate method but a ray diagram is required for the simpler method, so if the ray diagram is inaccurate then the answer for the magnification using the simpler method should in theory be as inaccurate also.Simple MethodMagnification = size of imageSize of objectComplicated MethodU = object distanceV = image distancef = focal length1=1+1f U V1-1=1f U VU-f=1Uf VUf =VU-fMagnification=VUUsing the Simple MethodRay Diagram 14.2=2.12.0Ray Diagram 2Unable to work out for I have no result for the size of the image.Ray Diagram 33.8=1.92.0Ray Diagram 42.0=1.02.0Ray Diagram 51.5=0.752.0As you can see from my results the further the object was from the focal point the smaller the magnification got.Using th e Complicated MethodUf=VU-fMagnification=VURay Diagram 12.04.0=-42.0-4.0Magnification=-42.0=-2Ray Diagram 24.04.0=04.0-4.0Magnification=0Ray Diagram 36.04.0=126.0-4.0Magnification=12.06.0=2Ray Diagram 48.04.0=88.0-4.0Magnification=88.0=1Ray Diagram 510.04.0=6.710.0-4.0Magnification=6.710.0=0.67From 2 different methods of working out the magnification I have got virtually the same results, which show the same trend that proves the hypothesis, moving the object further away from the focal point of a converging lens will decrease the magnification of the size of the image.Preliminary workApparatusIn the preliminary work I have to find out which lens I will be using and why I have chosen to use that particular one. I will want the one with the most easily manageable focal distance. I know that once that I have chosen which lens I want, I cannot change half way through the experiment without retaking the result that I already have with the new lens. It is crucial for my lens to stay the same and for my object to be the same size, or else the results will not work out because the images will be of different sizes not following with the trend. Therefore my dependant variables will be the lens I use and the object that I use. My independent variable will be the object distance because that will be the only thing as part of the experiment that I will be changing.MethodTo find out which lens I want to use I will have to find out the focal lengths of them, because I want the one with the most easy to work with and of a reasonable size.When I find out which lens I will use I will be able to find a suitable range of results and a suitable distance between each result.I will need the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. The reason I am using the sun as a light source is because the rays of light from a light source are not parallel until the rays of light have travel a very far distance and because the light source being the sun is very far away the rays of light will b e parallel. Only parallel rays of light will converge in a convex lens to give a focal point.When the light converges in the lens I will try to get a sharp dot of light on the wall, I will measure the distance from the centre of the lens to the sharp dot of light this will be the focal light of the lens. This is because the sharp dot of focused light is the focal point and the distance from the centre of the lens to the focal point is the focal length.I will record the result and decide which lens to use.Results from Preliminary ExperimentLens (thinnest-fattest)Focal length137.0cm224.0cm310.0cm49.8cm59.0cm65.5cm75.0cmI will us the 3rd lens with a focal length of 10.0cm, I am using this because it is an easy number and I can get a reasonable amount of results between F, 2F and 3F. So I will go up to 30.0cm and in intervals of 2.0cm. I will take at least 4 records per measurement and then be able to work out all the magnifications the work out the average results.Obtaining evidenceEvi dence obtainedThe object has a diameter of 2.0cmFocal length of lens/cmObject distance/cmDescription of imageDiameter of image/cmMagnification10.010.0IndescribableImmeasurable/10.010.0IndescribableImmeasurable/10.010.0IndescribableImmeasurable/10.010.0IndescribableImmeasurable/10.012.0Real, magnified inverted9.14.5510.012.0Real magnified inverted8.94.4510.012.0Real magnified inverted8.84.4010.012.0Real magnified inverted8.94.4510.014.0Real magnified inverted4.42.2010.014.0Real magnified inverted4.62.3010.014.0Real magnified inverted4.32.1510.014.0Real magnified inverted4.52.2510.016.0Real magnified inverted2.91.4510.016.0Real magnified inverted3.11.5510.016.0Real magnified inverted3.11.5510.016.0Real magnified inverted3.11.5510.018.0Real magnified inverted2.11.0510.018.0Real magnified inverted2.31.1510.018.0Real magnified inverted2.11.0510.018.0Real magnified inverted2.31.1510.020.0Real same size inverted2.01.0010.020.0Real same size inverted2.01.0010.020.0Real sam e size inverted2.01.0010.020.0Real same size inverted2.01.0010.022.0Real diminished inverted1.50.7510.022.0Real diminished inverted1.60.8010.022.0Real diminished inverted1.60.8010.022.0Real diminished inverted1.70.8010.024.0Real diminished inverted1.20.6010.024.0Real diminished inverted1.30.6510.024.0Real diminished inverted1.30.6510.024.0Real diminished inverted1.30.6510.026.0Real diminished inverted1.10.5510.026.0Real diminished inverted1.10.5510.026.0Real diminished inverted1.20.6010.026.0Real diminished inverted1.10.5510.028.0Real diminished inverted1.00.5010.028.0Real diminished inverted1.00.5010.028.0Real diminished inverted1.10.5510.028.0Real diminished inverted1.00.5010.030.0Real diminished inverted0.80.4010.030.0Real diminished inverted0.90.4510.030.0Real diminished inverted0.90.4510.030.0Real diminished inverted0.80.40Average ResultsAverage focal length of lens/cmAverage object distance/cmDescription of imageAverage diameter of image/cmAverage magnifi cation10.010.0IndescribableImmeasurable/10.012.0Real, magnified inverted8.94.4510.014.0Real, magnified inverted4.52.2510.016.0Real, magnified inverted3.11.5510.018.0Real, magnified inverted2.21.1010.020.0Real, same size inverted2.01.0010.022.0Real, diminished, inverted1.60.8010.024.0Real, diminished, inverted1.30.6510.026.0Real, diminished, inverted1.10.5510.028.0Real, diminished, inverted1.00.5010.030.0Real, diminished, inverted0.90.45AnalysisIn performing this experiment I have found that the larger the object distance the smaller the magnification became which was what I had hypothesised. Therefore my hypothesis was correct and I have proved it.I can see from the graph that as the object distance increased the magnification decreased. The magnification dramatically dropped from 4.45 at 12.0cm al the way down to almost half of that at 14.0 cm and the magnification being 2.25. This was at the beginning of the experiment but as the experiment progressed the decrease in magnific ation every 2.0cm became less dramatic.To see if there was any erratic behaviour between 12.0cm and 14.0cm I could have took a few more readings in this gap. And if there were no erratic behaviour in this dramatic drop this would then again confirm my hypothesis to be correct.From looking at my graph the only thing that surprise me was that there was such a dramatic drop in the first few results then they started to even out as the experiment progressed. I personally thought that the results would give an even decline in magnification between them but after the first result but it took about three results until they evened out.I got these results for several reasons. I know that a convex lens causes the magnification to decrease as the object is moved further away from the lens. This is because the size of the image decreases as the object distance is increased and when the magnification is worked out (V/U) the image distance decrease as the object distance increases giving a gradua l smaller answer when using the equation and the answer being the magnification.At the beginning of this experiment I had a prediction being, I hypothesise moving the object further away from the focal point of a converging lens will decrease the magnification of the size of the image. From getting the results that I did I can say that my hypothesis was correct and by looking at my graph I can easily tell that this is a true statement. I backed up my hypothesis as to why I thought it would be correct and now I can say that increasing the object distance will decrease the magnification when using a convex lens.EvaluationThe procedure used in this experiment was safe for nobody got hurt and it was fair because I kept my variables the same throughout the experiment.My results are of a reasonable standard it seemed pretty pointless to go any further in range, because all the results thereon would continue to decrease and from what I had done in the experiment I had proved the hypothesis , which was the aim of the experiment. No anomalous results are evident which improves the accuracy and reliability of my results.My results are reliable in the sense that there are no anomalous results, but how accurate are they? There is a way that I can work out how accurate my results are that is by a process called percentage difference.I will work out the percentage difference of the magnification for each different object distances.Object distance is 10.0cm% DifferenceCannot work out for I have no results.Object distance 12.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 4.45Furthest value away is 0.1 bigger0.1/4.45 x 100=2.2My results for 12.0cm are inaccurate to 2.2%Object distance 14.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 2.25Furthest value away is 0.1 smaller-0.1/2.25 x 100=-4.4My results for 14.0cm are inaccurate to 4.4%Object Distance 16.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 1.53Furthest value away is 0.08 smaller-0.08/1.53 x 100=-5.2My results for 16.0cm are inaccurate to 5.2%Obj ect Distance 18.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 1.10Furthest value away is 0.05 bigger or smaller+-0.05/1.10 x 100=4.5My results for 18.0cm are inaccurate to 4.5%Object Distance 20.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 1.00Furthest value away is the same0.00/1.00 x 100=My results for 20.0cm are inaccurate to 0%Object Distance 22.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 0.80Furthest value away is 0.05 bigger or smaller+-0.05/0.80 x 100=6.3My results for 22.0cm are inaccurate to 6.3%Object Distance 24.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 0.65Furthest value away is 0.05 smaller-0.05/0.65 x 100=-7.7My results for 24.0cm are inaccurate to 7.7%Object Distance 26.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 0.55Furthest value away is 0.05 bigger0.05/0.55 x 100=9.1My results for 26.0cm are inaccurate to 9.1%Object Distance 28.0cm% DifferenceAverage magnification, 0.50Furthest value away is 0.05 bigger0.05/0.50 x 100=My results for 28.0cm are inaccurate to 10%Object Distance 30.0cm% DifferenceA verage magnification, 0.45Furthest value away is 0.05 smaller-0.05/0.45 x 100=My results for 30.0cm are inaccurate to 11.1%As you can see my results become increasingly inaccurate as the experiment progressed but was completely accurate when the object distance was 20.0cm, which was in the middle of the experiment.I could have done this experiment with different sized convex lenses instead of just using the one type, but for this I would have needed a lot more time. I could have done the entire experiment on the same day because the weather on different days can affect the accuracy of the results and dependant on how focused I was on different days could have affected the results but by looking at the results I believe I was on the ball throughout the experiment. Instead of having results in intervals of 2.0cm I could have decreased this to 1.0cm or even 0.5cm. I would not go any lower than this for my accuracy to decimals would not be very accurate. Having a smaller gap between res ults would allow my to have more results to help me in my graph for at the beginning I do no know what is exactly happening in between the dramatic decline in magnifications.Two more possibilities when using the same basic equipment would to do more repeats because you can never have enough repeats and to have a larger range in results to possibly see if the magnification is ever equal to 0 or if the magnification eventually goes so far that the magnification stops decreasing.As far as the use of the apparatus goes I could have changed the odd thing realistically. I could have changed the light source from a lamp which is not a light source that gives off parallel rays of light I could have used a light source that gave off parallel rays of light for example the sun, but that would not be a very good thing to use in England because the amount of sunlight given off always changes according to typical English weather.